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H<sub>∞sub> control in the frequency domain for a semi-active floor isolation system

Yundong SHI, Tracy C BECKER, Masahiro KURATA, Masayoshi NAKASHIMA

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2013, Volume 7, Issue 3,   Pages 264-275 doi: 10.1007/s11709-013-0214-x

Abstract: Semi-active control with an control was adopted for the floor isolation system and a new input shapingPassive control using an oil damper was also tested for comparison.The test results show that the control effectively reduced acceleration for short period motions withThe control algorithm proved to be more advantageous than passive control because of its capacity toadjust control strategies according to the different motion frequency characteristics.

Keywords： semi-active     floor isolation     <italic>Hitalic><sub>∞sub> control     MR damper     shaping filter     shaking table    

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Design and operational considerations for selective catalytic reduction technologies at coal-fired boilers

Jeremy J. SCHREIFELS, Shuxiao WANG, Jiming HAO

Frontiers in Energy 2012, Volume 6, Issue 1,   Pages 98-105 doi: 10.1007/s11708-012-0171-4

Abstract: these growing emissions, the Ministry of Environmental Protection (MEP) has introduced new NO emission control

Keywords： nitrogen oxides (NO<sub><italic>xitalic>sub>)     coal     selective catalytic reduction (SCR)     air pollutioncontrol    

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Assessment of toxicity of two nitroaromatic compounds in the freshwater fish

Hongyan SHEN, Jixi GAO, Jinsheng WANG

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2012, Volume 6, Issue 4,   Pages 518-523 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0427-6

Abstract: This study was conducted to evaluate the toxicological response of -nitrotoluene and -nitroaniline to the key fish species, . A freshwater fish bioassay based on the 96 h was used to estimate the single and joint toxicity of the two chemicals. The toxicity of -nitrotoluene was greater than that of -nitroaniline based on 96 h values of 40.74 mg·L and 48.99 mg·L , respectively. Both compounds had moderate toxicity toward , and this toxicity increased with the exposure duration and concentration. Binary mixtures of the compounds were more toxic than the individual compounds at 96 h, and they acted upon partial addition. When the exposure time was longer, the toxicity increased for mixtures of compounds with the same concentration or toxicity. The results of this study suggest that exposure to a combination of these chemicals would result in a higher environmental risk in aquatic systems than exposure to either compound alone. Further research is needed to investigate the combined effects and sublethal toxicity of -nitrotoluene and -nitroaniline, since they are both still used in China.

Keywords： joint toxicity     <italic>Cyprinus carpioitalic>     <italic>LCitalic><sub>50sub>     <italic>pitalic>-nitrotoluene     <italic>pitalic>-nitroaniline     toxic unit    

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The abatement of major pollutants in air and water by environmental catalysis

Junhua LI, Hong HE, Chun HU, Jincai ZHAO

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2013, Volume 7, Issue 3,   Pages 302-325 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0511-6

Abstract: For air pollution control, the selective catalytic reduction of NO (SCR) by ammonia and hydrocarbons

Keywords： air pollution control     wastewater treatment     DeNO<sub><italic>xitalic>sub>     selective catalytic reduction    

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The effect of preparation conditions of Pt/Al

Lei YUAN, Xiang ZHENG, Kaijiao DUAN, Hao HU, Jinggang WANG, Seong Ihl WOO, Zhiming LIU

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2013, Volume 7, Issue 3,   Pages 457-463 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0512-5

Abstract: Selective catalytic reduction of NO by H in the presence of oxygen has been investigated over Pt/Al O catalysts pre-treated under different conditions. Catalyst preparation conditions exert significant influence on the catalytic performance, and the catalyst pre-treated by H or H then followed by O is much more active than that pre-treated by air. The higher surface area and the presence of metallic Pt over Pt/Al O pre-treated by H or pretreated by H then followed by O can contribute to the formation of NO , which then promotes the reaction to proceed at low temperatures.

Keywords： NO<sub><italic>xitalic>sub> reduction     Pt/Al<sub>2sub>O<sub>3sub>     preparation condition     H<sub>2sub>-SCR    

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Synthesis of

Lili ZHANG, Ming LIU, Shijun MA, Yaodong HUANG, Yongmei WANG

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2013, Volume 7, Issue 4,   Pages 408-414 doi: 10.1007/s11705-013-1343-4

Abstract: Two new -symmetric primary-secondary diamines were synthesized via the reaction of ( , )-1,2-diphenyl ethylene diamine with 3,5-ditert-butyl salicylaldehyde and salicylaldehyde, respectively, followed by reduction with NaBH . The combination of the ligand from 3,5-ditert-butyl salicylaldehyde with CuBr could effciently catalyze the Henry reaction to afford -nitroalkanols in moderate to good yields (up to 87%) and high enantioselectivities (up to 88% ). A possible mechanism of the reaction was proposed.

Keywords： enantioselective Henry reaction     <italic>Citalic><sub>1sub>-symmetric diamines     asymmetric reaction    

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Effects of different sediment fractions on sorption of galaxolide

Lixia JIN, Mengchang HE, Jinghuan ZHANG

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2012, Volume 6, Issue 1,   Pages 59-65 doi: 10.1007/s11783-010-0259-1

Abstract: Sorption isotherms of galaxolide (HHCB) of different fractions from two sediments with different mineral and organic carbon contents were determined to compare HHCB sorption behavior and contribution to the total sorption. The HHCB sorption isotherms that used the batch equilibration method were studied on different sediments of different fractions. The sorption isotherms of 600°C heating fractions were detailed using the linear model, while the other fractions were nonlinear and fitted well with the Freundlich model. The dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removed, NaOH extracted, and 375°C heating fractions showed more nonlinear sorption than the original sediments, which suggested more heterogeneous sorption sites in these fractions. Compared to the original sediments, the 375°C heating fractions had higher carbon-normalized distribution coefficient ( ) values, indicating a higher sorption affinity for HHCB. Among the different sediment fractions, the contribution of the 600°C heating fractions to the overall sorption were the lowest (<20%), while the 375°C heating fractions were the highest (up to 85%).

Keywords： galaxolide (HHCB)     sorption     organic carbon     sediment     carbon-normalized distribution coefficient (<italic>Kitalic><sub>ocsub>)    

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Numerical simulation and experimental verification of chemical reactions for SCR DeNO

Qiang ZHANG, Yonglin FAN, Wenyan LI

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2010, Volume 4, Issue 4,   Pages 523-528 doi: 10.1007/s11705-010-0520-y

Abstract: Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) is a major commercial technology for NO removal in power plants. There are a lot of complex chemical reactions in SCR reactors, and it is of great significance to understand the internal process of chemical reactions for SCR DeNO and study the impact of various factors on NO removal efficiency. In this paper, the impact of reaction temperature, ammonia-nitrogen molar ratio and resident time in the catalyst bed layer on NO removal efficiency were studied by simulation of chemical reactions. Then calculated results were compared with catalyst activity test data in a power plant, which proved that the simulated results were accurate. As a result, the reaction conditions were optimized in order to get the best removal efficiency of NO, so that we can provide a reference for optimal running of SCR in power plants.

Keywords： SCR     NO<sub><italic>xitalic>sub>     removal efficiency     chemical reactions     simulation    

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Factors controlling

Chengkun WANG, Xiaojian ZHANG, Chao CHEN, Jun WANG

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2013, Volume 7, Issue 2,   Pages 151-157 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0482-7

Abstract: These results will help water treatment plants establish measures to control this harmful disinfection

Keywords： <italic>Nitalic>-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA)     disinfection by-product     dissolved organic nitrogen (DOC)     hydrophilic     molecular weight (MW)     specific ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm (SUVA<sub>254sub>)    

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Experimental investigations on combustion characteristics of syngas composed of CH

Qingwei FAN, Shien HUI, Qulan ZHOU, Qinxin ZHAO, Tongmo XU

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2010, Volume 4, Issue 4,   Pages 404-410 doi: 10.1007/s11705-010-0513-x

Abstract: The residual gas and remained raw gas in dual gas resources polygeneration system are quite complex in components (mainly CH , CO, and H ), and these results to the distinguished differences in combustion reaction. Experimental investigations on basic combustion characteristics of syngas referred above are conducted on a laboratory-scale combustor with flame temperature and flue gas composition measured and analyzed. Primary air coefficient (PA), total air coefficient (TA), and components of the syngas (CS) are selected as key factors, and it is found that PA dominates mostly the ignition of syngas and NO formation, while TA affects the flue gas temperature after high temperature region and NO formation trend to be positive as H /CO components increase. The results provide references for industrial utilization.

Keywords： dual gas resources polygeneration     lean premixed combustion     residual gas     remained raw gas     NO<sub><italic>xitalic>sub> emission    

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A combined experimental and theoretical study of micronized coal reburning

Hai ZHANG, Jiaxun LIU, Jun SHEN, Xiumin JIANG

Frontiers in Energy 2013, Volume 7, Issue 1,   Pages 119-126 doi: 10.1007/s11708-012-0226-6

Abstract: Micronized coal reburning (MCR) can not only reduce carbon in fly ash but also reduce NO emissions as compared to the conventional coal reburning. However, it has two major kinetic barriers in minimizing NO emission. The first is the conversion of NO into hydrogen cyanide (HCN) by conjunction with various hydrocarbon fragments. The second is the oxidation of HCN by association with oxygen-containing groups. To elucidate the advantages of MCR, a combination of Diffuse Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) experimental studies with Density Functional Theory (DFT) theoretical calculations is conducted in terms of the second kinetic barrier. FTIR studies based on Chinese Tiefa coal show that there are five hydroxide groups such as OH-π, OH-N, OH-OR , self-associated OH and free OH. The hydroxide groups increase as the mean particle size decreases expect for free OH. DFT calculations at the B3LYP/6-31 G(d) level indicate that HCN can be oxidized by hydroxide groups in three paths, HCN+OH→HOCN+H (path 1), HCN+OH→HNCO+H (path 2), and HCN+OH→CN+H O (path 3). The rate limiting steps for path 1, path 2 and path 3 are IM2→P1+H (170.66 kJ/mol activated energy), IM1→IM3 (231.04 kJ/mol activated energy), and R1+OH→P3+H O (97.14 kJ/mol activated energy), respectively. The present study of MCR will provide insight into its lower NO emission and guidance for further studies.

Keywords： transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)     density functional theory (DFT)     homogeneous reaction mechanism     NO<sub><italic>xitalic>sub>    

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Effect of K and Ca on catalytic activity of Mn-CeO

Boxiong SHEN, Lidan DENG, Jianhong CHEN

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2013, Volume 7, Issue 4,   Pages 512-517 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0519-y

Abstract: Mn-CeO /Ti-pillared clay (PILC) is an attractive catalyst for selective catalytic reduction of NO at low temperature because of its low cost. The poisoning of K and Ca on the catalyst of Mn-CeO /Ti-PILC is an important problem because K and Ca are always in presence in flue gas. To investigate the effect of K and Ca on the physicochemical characters of the catalysts, the techniques of NH -temperature programmed desorption (TPD), H -temperature programmed reduction (TPR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to analyze the fresh and deactivated catalysts of Mn-CeO /Ti-PILC. (Ca)Mn-CeO /Ti-PILC and (K)Mn-CeO /Ti-PILC are denoted for the dopes of the catalyst of Mn-CeO /Ti-PILC with Ca and K, respectively. The activities of Mn-CeO /Ti-PILC, (Ca)Mn-CeO /Ti-PILC and (K)Mn-CeO /Ti-PILC for NH -selective catalytic reduction (SCR) reaction at low temperature were investigated. The results showed that with the dopes of K and Ca on the catalysts, the SCR activities of the catalysts decreased greatly, and K exhibited more poisoning effect than Ca. With the dopes of K and Ca, the acidity, the redox property and chemisorbed oxygen on the surfaces of the catalysts were decreased, which resulted in a decreasing in SCR activity.

Keywords： Mn-CeO<sub><italic>xitalic>sub>/Ti-pillared clay (PILC)     low-temperature selective catalytic reduction    

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Identification and ecotoxicity assessment of intermediates generated during the degradation of clofibric acid by advanced oxidation processes

Wenzhen LI, Yu DING, Qian SUI, Shuguang LU, Zhaofu QIU, Kuangfei LIN

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2012, Volume 6, Issue 4,   Pages 445-454 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0419-6

Abstract: The aim of this study was to identify the intermediates in clofibric acid degradation under various advanced oxidation processes, namely ultraviolet (UV), UV/H O , vacuum ultraviolet (VUV), VUV/H O , and solar/TiO processes, as well as to assess the toxicity of these intermediates. Eleven intermediates have been detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer, most of which were reported for the first time to our best knowledge. Combining the evolution of the dissolved organic carbon, Cl and specific ultraviolet absorption at 254 nm, it could be deduced that cleavage of aromatic ring followed by dechlorination was the mechanism in solar/TiO process, while dechlorination happened first and accumulation of aromatic intermediates occurred in the other processes. Different transformation pathways were proposed for UV-, VUV-assisted and solar/TiO processes, respectively. The acute toxicity was evaluated by means of T spp. bioassay. It was believed that aromatic intermediates increased the toxicity and the ring-opening pathway in solar/TiO process could relieve the toxicity.

Keywords： clofibric acid     advanced oxidation processes     intermediates     toxicity     <italic>Photobacterium phosphoreumitalic> T<sub>3sub> spp    

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Experimental study on the CO<sub>2sub> foam injecting way of profile control and flooding in heterogeneous

Zhao Jinsheng,Tan Junling,Gu Zhengfu,Liu Xiaochun

Strategic Study of CAE 2012, Volume 14, Issue 11,   Pages 88-93

Abstract:

Aiming at the characteristic of the formation water of Huaqing Chang 6 reservoir and taking the comprehensive foaming ability as evaluation index, 6 foaming agents were optimized. ZY-1 foaming agent was the optimal foaming agent, and the optimal foaming agent concentration and foam stabilizer concentration were 0.5 % and 764 mg/L respectively. On the basis of the foaming agent optimization result, using parallel cores with approximate permeability contrast，CO2 foam flooding experiment was simulated through 2 injection way. The experiment result showed that underground foaming way, CO2 and the foaming agent injected alternately, had higher plugging differential pressure and better displacement efficiency. The optimal injection slug combination was first 0.2 PV (pore volume) foaming agent solution and then 0.4 PV CO2 gas, and the total injected volume was 0.6 PV.

Keywords： heterogeneous reservoirs     CO<sub>2sub> foam     profile control and flooding     injection parameter     experimental    

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Size and shape effects of MnFeO nanoparticles as catalysts for reductive degradation of dye pollutants

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2021, Volume 15, Issue 5,   Pages 108-171 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1396-4

Abstract: Herein, we successfully synthesized three kinds of MnFe<sub>2sub>O<sub>4sub> NPs with distinctiveIt was found that the catalytic activities were dependent on the size and shape of the MnFe<sub>2sub>O<sub>4sub> NPs and highly related to the surface-to-volume ratio and atom arrangements.Furthermore, the MnFe<sub>2sub>O<sub>4sub> NPs could be readily recovered by a magnet and reusedThe size and shape effects of MnFe<sub>2sub>O<sub>4sub> nanoparticles demonstrated in this work not

Keywords： Dye degradation     MnFe<sub>2sub>O<sub>4sub> nanoparticles     Size and shape-control    

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Title Author Date Type Operation

H<sub>∞sub> control in the frequency domain for a semi-active floor isolation system

Yundong SHI, Tracy C BECKER, Masahiro KURATA, Masayoshi NAKASHIMA

Journal Article

Design and operational considerations for selective catalytic reduction technologies at coal-fired boilers

Jeremy J. SCHREIFELS, Shuxiao WANG, Jiming HAO

Journal Article

Assessment of toxicity of two nitroaromatic compounds in the freshwater fish

Hongyan SHEN, Jixi GAO, Jinsheng WANG

Journal Article

The abatement of major pollutants in air and water by environmental catalysis

Junhua LI, Hong HE, Chun HU, Jincai ZHAO

Journal Article

The effect of preparation conditions of Pt/Al

Lei YUAN, Xiang ZHENG, Kaijiao DUAN, Hao HU, Jinggang WANG, Seong Ihl WOO, Zhiming LIU

Journal Article

Synthesis of

Lili ZHANG, Ming LIU, Shijun MA, Yaodong HUANG, Yongmei WANG

Journal Article

Effects of different sediment fractions on sorption of galaxolide

Lixia JIN, Mengchang HE, Jinghuan ZHANG

Journal Article

Numerical simulation and experimental verification of chemical reactions for SCR DeNO

Qiang ZHANG, Yonglin FAN, Wenyan LI

Journal Article

Factors controlling

Chengkun WANG, Xiaojian ZHANG, Chao CHEN, Jun WANG

Journal Article

Experimental investigations on combustion characteristics of syngas composed of CH

Qingwei FAN, Shien HUI, Qulan ZHOU, Qinxin ZHAO, Tongmo XU

Journal Article

A combined experimental and theoretical study of micronized coal reburning

Hai ZHANG, Jiaxun LIU, Jun SHEN, Xiumin JIANG

Journal Article

Effect of K and Ca on catalytic activity of Mn-CeO

Boxiong SHEN, Lidan DENG, Jianhong CHEN

Journal Article

Identification and ecotoxicity assessment of intermediates generated during the degradation of clofibric acid by advanced oxidation processes

Wenzhen LI, Yu DING, Qian SUI, Shuguang LU, Zhaofu QIU, Kuangfei LIN

Journal Article

Experimental study on the CO<sub>2sub> foam injecting way of profile control and flooding in heterogeneous

Zhao Jinsheng,Tan Junling,Gu Zhengfu,Liu Xiaochun

Journal Article

Size and shape effects of MnFeO nanoparticles as catalysts for reductive degradation of dye pollutants

Journal Article